Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are increasingly being deployed as virtual assistants in academic settings to support students, educators, and researchers. These agents – often in the form of chatbots or conversational partners – leverage advances in AI and natural language processing to interact with humans through dialogue. From a human–machine interaction (HMI) perspective, the focus is on how these agents communicate, collaborate, and integrate into educational activities. Scholarly literature describes such AI agents in terms of their roles in academia, their capabilities (e.g. to provide information or tutoring), their degree of autonomy, and…

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An AI agent, from an academic perspective, is a computational entity that perceives its environment through sensors and acts upon that environment through actuators, guided by some form of intelligent decision-making process. Core Academic Definition: An AI agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators to achieve certain goals.— Russell & Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach” Key Components of an AI Agent: Types of AI Agents (Theoretical Classification):

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